Ways and Mechanism of Saving and Increasing Employment In The Period of Pandemics In Uzbekistan

The rapid spread of Covid-19 has had a negative impact on the development of the world economy, and the development of the labor market. According to the International Labor Organization, about 25 million people worldwide are unemployed worldwide and the income of employees can be reduced by at least 3.4 trillion. Therefore, the formation of the insurability of growing in the world economy and labor market on issues of stable growth and employment in Uzbekistan is relevant for today's day. The article presents information on the measures taken to mitigate the pressure rendered to the labor market caused by a pandemic in Uzbekistan


1.INTRODUCTION
On a global scale, the reduction in working time in 2020 led both to a reduction in employment and to a decrease in working time for the preserved work; At the same time in different regions, the volume of losses varied significantly. The time of all the employment was reduced in North and South America, the least -in Europe and Central Asia, where measures to preserve jobs contributed to a smaller decline in working time, especially in Europe. In the end, in 2020, an unprecedented decline in employment occurred all over the world, the equivalent loss of 114 million jobs compared to 2019 in relative terms, the reduction in employment among women (5.0%) was higher than among men, and among young Employees (8.7%) are higher than among older workers [1].
Millions of people are unemployed in different countries around the world because of the corporal pandem. In order to support those who have lost their work in different countries, they occur depending on the possibility of each state. The Coronavirus Pandemy is causing millions of people in the world to survive. According to the International Labor Organization, as a result of the exchange of work hours, it is in danger to stay 1,6 billion people working in the informal economy in an informal economy. It was noted that the second quarter of 2020 is more likely to be deported than expected for the labor market, while more than 300 million jobs can be lost.

I. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The usual look of the labor market has changed, the demand for labor in many professions has declined sharply, and the number of unemployed has increased, while society is vital for medical workers and volunteers for social services of unprotected populations [2]. After the sharp slowing in growth rate of the growth rate of the World Bank in 2020, the economy of Uzbekistan is projected to be partially recruiting the influence of the Covid-19 crisis. Until the economy is fully restored, it is necessary to continue the practice of supporting them to maximize the pandemi's revenue with lowincome families and negative impacts that have suffered. The country's medium-term economic prospects are also said. Measures should be taken to improve reforms and production efficiency economies and production efficiency economies of trade partnerships and improved the world economy. This supports growth in the private sector. It should be noted that the official employment of the population, the revenue of citizens, incomes and economic opportunities of citizens, to accelerate poverty reduction process [3].The report also hears key issues in the recovery of the Uzbek economy from Pandemia and the work needs to be made. After the starting stage of the market liberalization process, Uzbekistan is moving to another, more complicated stage of the Uzbek land use and the right to own the labor market and the capital market, as well as the transformation of the capital market. South Korea, like most other countries, has been experiencing the unpredictable spread of COVID-19, since the first case was diagnosed on January 20, 2020 (see Figure A.1 in the Supplemental Online Appendix). Globally, social distancing policies that suggest (or enforce) staying at home have been implemented, and many facilities such as schools have been closed to contain the infection. Consequently, there has been a significant downturn in economic growth [4]. The medium-term task will be to ensure the Inclusion and Transparency of Reformation. By accelerating the process of state enterprises and creating a model of a competitive and inclusive economic growth model of the private sector, the state will reduce its role in the economy. As a result, it will help to eliminate the model's breeder in handmen. Although the previous economic growth model ensured high GDP growth (in the period from 2000 to 2016, in the period from 2000 to 2016, the rapidly growing economic opportunities and economic opportunities for the growing population. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic showed the importance of transition to a market economy. About 9 percent of the country's population still lives below the poverty border (World Bank for low-income countries -$ 3.2 per day). More citizens live close to this border. At the time of quarantine limits, this problem was worsened -about one another million civilian limits. To reduce these risks, the Government is required to improve the dynamic growth of the economy, as well as improving health care and educational services. In this way, it is necessary to pay attention to the reforms to strengthen the social protection system, improve the conditions of the labor market and remove barriers to human capital. The higher participation and share of the private sector in the economy, as well as the higher the quality of jobs, as well as an important sign of the success of reforms. It is difficult to solve these problems with limited administrative capabilities due to the ongoing influence of pandemic.
Uzbekistan has declined sharply by 5.8% in 2019 to 1.6%. This was due to the introduction of quarantine limits and due to the pandemic transactions. At the same time, Uzbekistan became one of the few countries that demonstrated economic growth in Europe and Central Asia last year. This provided anti-crisis action, which allowed the sustainable growth of agricultural production and the increase in health care and economic support of households. Due to the pandemic, the tax-budgeting and investment, the reduction of exports and imports in 2020, created the situation in consumption (state and private). This has become the main driver of economic growth by demand for more than ten years. Unemployment rate increased from 9% to 11.1% in Southern 2010. The poverty rate rose to up to 9 percent, and in 2020 it exceeded 7.4 percent to the crisis. This is due to the loss of jobs, income and money transfer of employment in the population and migrants of employment. A significant expansion of social assistance programs has helped the country's harmed households to a certain extent. As of August 1, 2020, 617 thousand citizens were employed. Of these, 506 thousand fell precisely for a period of pandemic.The mechanism for granting subsidies to citizens returned from external migration and failed to work out abroad. In particular, citizens were allocated funds for the development of household sections in the amount of from 3 to 30 minimum wages. To date, 25 thousand families are provided with work, 54 billion soums are spent. It was noted that China's experience in reducing poverty was studied, and the population received economic support based on financing to 10-fold minimum wages. As a result, 318 cooperatives were created for 3 months, 16 thousand people were attracted to work. In total, it was spent 26 billion soums. By the end of the year, it is planned to create another 327 cooperatives and attract 17 thousand inhabitants to them. 17 such cooperatives are based on crafts and unite women. Self-employment routes were increased from 24 to 67. Also reduced its payment from 1 million 50 thousand to 115 thousand soums. Currently, 201 thousand citizens are employed in the republic. By the end of the year, this figure will reach 50 thousand people, the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan said.

II.
RESULTS AND ITS DISCUSSION During the pandemic, the unique side of the crisis in the economy is that along with both demand and the proposal problem with the invitation crisis. This was due to the following factors: First, demand crisis is a decrease in the consumption of goods (mainly long-term consumer goods) and services as a result of 80% of the world's quarantine; Second, the result of gross demand in large economies decreased by 5-10% GDP growth. According to Goldman Sachs forecast, in 2020 the United States will drop to GDP -6% in the United States, China GDP; Third, there are also economic problems in developing countries since large economic problems in large economies. These problems are largely a decrease in prices for raw materials in the world markets, especially since the last 18-year minimum of 2020 (The Economist 2020a; CNN 2020); Fourth, the restrictions used in the emendation have led to an increase in the costs associated with the protection of the population almost in almost all countries.
A variety of measures have been made to support the population in the country. More than 60 professionals who have been self-employed were exempt from income tax. During the quarantine period, more than 120,000 low-income families were appointed, and their number is currently 600,000 people.

III. CONCLUSION
During the pandemic period, the experience of Uzbekistan in the field of social and medical protection of its population was given the greatest priority first of all to the health of the population, and as a result of the full mobilization of all opportunities in this regard, the gradual abolition of quarantine measures was achieved in a short period of time. At the same time, many modern and effective measures have been developed to ensure the functioning of the economy and all sectors, banks, producers and business entities. Measures of social and material support of the population were instituted in a systematized manner. The introduction of large-scale measures of support for all segments of the economically active population, along with ensuring the stability of all sectors of the national economy in the post-pandemic period, will provide an opportunity to increase the competitiveness of the current rate of relief, benefits and initiatives.
The establishment of new workplaces for the rural population, the solution of their social problems, the increase of labor activity serves to restore free and comfortable life in our country, further raising the standard of living of the population. In increasing employment and income of rural dwellers and with it business is important in solving related social problems [5]. Today, the widespread coronavirus pandemic worldwide continues to have the world economy of the world. As a result of restrictive measures taken by states, employees working in different sectors of the economy lose their work. Citizens deprived of their work and the source of income feel the need for social assistance and external support of the state.
The pandemic period teaches us a new environment and consists of: -A healthy and balanced living habit formed in the same period is reflected in the decision-making and purchasing behavior of consumers even in the coming period; -Retail purchases and driverless cars based on low intervention of people (online purchases) develop smart city technologies and digital automation because people adapt to new business models and systems in times of crisis; -Experience working from home leads to an increase in tools and technologies that allow you to work remotely; -After several months of online distance learning, e-learning grows and even after the crisis, many online courses begin to be preferred; -The hospital and healthcare industries will consider adapting to the new requirements and jobs arising from this experience; -The adult population layer, which is forced to adapt to digital economy solutions during the pandemic, is also now becoming the largest online consumer.
In order to quickly and effectively combat the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Nations Development Program and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry have launched a business clinic program to support small and medium-sized businesses in Uzbekistan. information on measures to support entrepreneurship provided by the state.