Revealing The Dynamics of Critique and Praise Among Santri Toward Kiai and His Family in Madurese Ethnic Pesantren Environment
DOI:
10.51601/ijersc.v7i1.1010Published:
2026-02-19Downloads
Abstract
In the Madurese ethnic pesantren environment, expressions of critique and praise are frequently conveyed both directly and indirectly. This study aims to describe the types, forms, linguistic varieties, and delivery patterns of critique and praise expressed by santri toward the kiai and his family. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach within a sociopragmatic framework, this research applies the ethnography of communication method to understand the social and cultural context underlying the speech events. Data were collected through participant observation using recording and note-taking techniques to capture the santri’s verbal interactions, supplemented by in-depth interviews with selected informants. The data were then analyzed through several stages: transcription, reduction, classification, tabulation, validation, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal three major points: (1) the forms of critique and praise expressed by santri toward the kiai and his family, (2) the linguistic varieties used, and (3) the patterns of delivery. Critique is generally expressed through pasemon, an indirect mode of expression representing rejection, concern, disagreement, incompatibility, or complaints about certain situations. Meanwhile, praise emphasizes expressions of admiration and encouragement directed toward the kiai and his family as a form of respect. The linguistic varieties used in both critique and praise predominantly consist of refined speech levels, particularly the Engghi-Bhunten pattern, which reflects politeness in Madurese culture. The delivery patterns include direct speech, indirect expressions, metaphors, insinuations, and rhetorical utterances, all of which demonstrate the santri’s communicative sensitivity in maintaining ethical interaction and social hierarchy within the pesantren.
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